Abstract Based on the empirical data of heavily polluting companies in Bangladesh from 2010 to 2019, this paper conducts an empirical analysis of changes in the financial background of top management on the performance of social responsibilities of heavily polluting companies. Results from the analysis among 212 listed companies on the Dhaka Stock Exchange indicate a significant negative correlation between changes in the financial backgrounds of top management and their performance on social responsibilities. In heavily polluting firms, corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance will deteriorate after the takeover of a new financial expert CEO. Furthermore, the present study found that internal control has a significant negative and moderating effect on the above relationship. As a result, the higher the quality of internal control, the smaller the negative impact of the change in the turnover of financial expert CEO on CSR performance.