The Intuitive Psychologist And His Shortcomings: Distortions in the Attribution Process

归属 证人 心理学 归因偏差 透视图(图形) 幻觉 社会心理学 感知 认识论 过程(计算) 认知心理学 计算机科学 操作系统 哲学 人工智能 神经科学 程序设计语言
作者
Lee Ross
出处
期刊:Elsevier eBooks [Elsevier]
卷期号:: 173-220 被引量:2336
标识
DOI:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60357-3
摘要

Attribution theory is concerned with the attempts of ordinary people to understand the causes and implications of the events they witness. It deals with the “naive psychology” of the “man in the street” as he interprets his own behaviors and the actions of others. For man—in the perspective of attribution theory—is an intuitive psychologist who seeks to explain behavior and draw inferences about actors and their environments. To better understand the perceptions and actions of this intuitive scientist, his methods must be explored. The sources of oversight, error, or bias in his assumptions and procedures may have serious consequences, both for the lay psychologist himself and for the society that he builds and perpetuates. These shortcomings, explored from the vantage point of contemporary attribution theory, are the focus of the chapter. The logical or rational schemata employed by intuitive psychologists and the sources of bias in their attempts at understanding, predicting, and controlling the events that unfold around them are considered. Attributional biases in the psychology of prediction, perseverance of social inferences and social theories, and the intuitive psychologist's illusions and insights are described.
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