呼吸爆发
超氧化物
免疫学
启动(农业)
生物
NADPH氧化酶
炎症
蛋白酵素
活性氧
内皮
中性粒细胞
细胞生物学
微生物学
酶
生物化学
内分泌学
发芽
植物
作者
Jamel El‐Benna,Margarita Hurtado-Nédelec,Viviana Marzaioli,Jean-Claude Marie,Marie‐Anne Gougerot‐Pocidalo,Pham My‐Chan Dang
摘要
Summary Neutrophils are the major circulating white blood cells in humans. They play an essential role in host defense against pathogens. In healthy individuals, circulating neutrophils are in a dormant state with very low efficiency of capture and arrest on the quiescent endothelium. Upon infection and subsequent release of pro‐inflammatory mediators, the vascular endothelium signals to circulating neutrophils to roll, adhere, and cross the endothelial barrier. Neutrophils migrate toward the infection site along a gradient of chemo‐attractants, then recognize and engulf the pathogen. To kill this pathogen entrapped inside the vacuole, neutrophils produce and release high quantities of antibacterial peptides, proteases, and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ). The robust ROS production is also called ‘the respiratory burst’, and the NADPH oxidase or NOX 2 is the enzyme responsible for the production of superoxide anion, leading to other ROS . In vitro , several soluble and particulate agonists induce neutrophil ROS production. This process can be enhanced by prior neutrophil treatment with ‘priming’ agents, which alone do not induce a respiratory burst. In this review, we will describe the priming process and discuss the beneficial role of controlled neutrophil priming in host defense and the detrimental effect of excessive neutrophil priming in inflammatory diseases.
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