艾塞那肽
药理学
药代动力学
医学
兴奋剂
内科学
受体
内分泌学
2型糖尿病
糖尿病
作者
Eric L. Schneider,Ralph Reid,David G. Parkes,Thomas Lutz,Gary W. Ashley,Daniel V. Santi
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.07.001
摘要
There is growing evidence that peptidic glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), such as exenatide, may provide useful therapeutic options for treatment of feline diabetes. However, because such drugs are administered subcutaneously, it is desirable that they be long-acting and not require frequent injections. We have developed a chemically controlled delivery system to support half-life extension of peptidic therapeutics. Here, the peptide is covalently attached to hydrogel microspheres by a self-cleaving β-eliminative linker; after subcutaneous injection of the microspheres, the peptide is slowly released from the depot to the systemic circulation. Using this technology, we developed a delivery system that supports once-monthly administration of a stable exenatide analog, [Gln28]exenatide, in rodents (Schneider, et al, ACS Chem Biol 12, 2107 to 2116, 2017). The purposes of the present study were a) to demonstrate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic similarities of the deamidation-sensitive GLP-1RA exenatide and the closely related, more stable [Gln28]exenatide and b) to develop a long-acting GLP-1RA in cats. The results show that exenatide and [Gln28]exenatide injected intravenously or subcutaneously at 10 μg/kg have nearly identical pharmacokinetics in the cat—both having elimination half-lives of ∼40 min—but subcutaneously administered [Gln28]exenatide has superior bioavailability—93% for [Gln28]exenatide vs 52% for exenatide. The results also show that exenatide and [Gln28]exenatide have similar insulinotropic activities in the cat during a high-dose intravenous glucose tolerance test; they increased the area under the curve (AUC) for insulin to a similar extent but had no effect on glucose AUC. Finally, subcutaneous injection of a microsphere-[Gln28]exenatide conjugate containing an appropriate self-cleaving linker in the cat provides plasma [Gln28]exenatide with a half-life of about 40 d vs 40 min with the injected free peptide. Hence, the large body of information available for exenatide can be used to facilitate clinical development of [Gln28]exenatide as a treatment for feline diabetes, and the microsphere-[Gln28]exenatide conjugate is quite suitable for once-monthly subcutaneous administration of the peptide in the cat.
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