A review of electrochemical reduction processes to treat oxidized contaminants in water

The purpose of this review is to provide a short overview of electrochemical reduction processes for oxidized contaminants in water. The major parameters affecting the electroreduction mechanisms and the impact of electrode choice are discussed with reference to both inorganic and organic pollutants that are either regulated or emerging (e.g., nonmetal oxyanions, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances). To conclude, a discussion is presented on the future directions and challenges that must be addressed to develop these electrochemical reduction processes at a larger, commercialized scale.