Permeabilization and immobilization of whole‐cell Pseudomonas nitroreducensSP.001 to improve its l‐glutaminase performance

Abstract BACKGROUND L‐Glutaminase is considered to be an important industrial enzyme in both the pharmaceutical and food industries, especially for producing functional glutamyl compounds, such as l ‐theanine. Pseudomonas nitroreducens SP.001 with intracellular l ‐glutaminase activity has been screened previously. In the present study, three physical permeabilization methods were used to improve l ‐glutaminase activity. Then, the whole‐cell immobilization conditions of permeabilized cells using sodium alginate as an embedding agent were optimized to enhance the enzyme's stability and reusability. The characteristics of the immobilized cells were investigated in comparison with those of permeabilized cells. RESULTS The results obtained showed that cell permeabilization using osmotic shock with 155 g L −1 sucrose markedly improved enzyme activity. Then, an effective procedure for immobilization of permeabilized P. nitroreducens cells was established. The optimum conditions for cell immobilization were: sodium alginate 40 g L −1 , calcium chloride 30 g L −1 , cell mass 100 g L −1 and a curing time of 3 h. After successful immobilization, characterization studies revealed that the thermostability and pH resistance of l ‐glutaminase from immobilized cells were enhanced compared to those from permeabilized cells. Moreover, the immobilized biocatalyst could be reused up to 10 times and retained 80% of its activity. CONCLUSION The stability and reusability of the permeabilized cells were improved through the immobilization. These findings indicated that immobilized whole‐cell l ‐glutaminase from P. nitroreducens SP.001 possesses more potential for various industrial biotechnological applications than free cells. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry