Stem Cell Transplant for Advanced Stage Liver Disorders: Current Scenario and Future Prospects

医学 脂肪肝 肝再生 肝硬化 干细胞 间充质干细胞 人口 生物信息学 肿瘤科 疾病 内科学 肝病 病理 再生(生物学) 生物 环境卫生 细胞生物学 遗传学
作者
Anjum Mahmood,Rajasekar Seetharaman,Prashant Kshatriya,Divyang Patel,Anand Srivastava
出处
期刊:Current Medicinal Chemistry [Bentham Science]
卷期号:27 (37): 6276-6293 被引量:10
标识
DOI:10.2174/0929867326666191004161802
摘要

Background: Chronic Liver Disorders (CLD), caused by the lifestyle patterns like alcoholism or by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or because of virus-mediated hepatitis, affect a large population fraction across the world. CLD progresses into end-stage diseases with a high mortality rate. Liver transplant is the only approved treatment available for such end-stage disease patients. However, the number of liver transplants is limited due to the limited availability of suitable donors and the extremely high cost of performing the procedure. Under such circumstances, Stem Cell (SC) mediated liver regeneration has emerged as a potential therapeutic alternative approach. Objective: This review aims to critically analyze the current status and future prospects of stem cellbased interventions for end-stage liver diseases. The clinical studies undertaken, the mechanism underlying therapeutic effects and future directions have been examined. Method: The clinical trial databases were searched at https://clinicaltrials.gov.in and http://www.isrctn.com to identify randomized, non-randomized and controlled studies undertaken with keywords such as “liver disorder and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)”, “liver cirrhosis and MSCs” and “liver disorder and SCs”. Furthermore, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ database was also explored with similar keywords for finding the available reports and their critical analyses. Results: The search results yielded a significant number of studies that used bone marrow-derived stem cells, MSCs and hepatocytes. The studies clearly indicated that SCs play a key role in the hepatoprotection process by some mechanisms involving anti-inflammation, auto-immune-suppression, angiogenesis and anti-apoptosis. Further, studies indicated that SCs derived paracrine factors promote angiogenesis, reduce inflammation and inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis. Conclusion: The SC-based interventions provide a significant improvement in patients with CLD; however, there is a need for randomized, controlled studies with the analysis of a long-term follow-up.
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