The impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

生物地球化学循环 环境科学 永久冻土 气候变化 全球变暖 温室气体 冰川 生态系统 大气科学 自然地理学 碳循环 生态学 化学 环境化学 地质学 地理 生物
作者
Huai Chen,Qiuan Zhu,Changhui Peng,Ning Wu,Yanfen Wang,Xiuqing Fang,Yongheng Gao,Dan Zhu,Gang Yang,Jianqing Tian,Xiaoming Kang,Shilong Piao,Hua Ouyang,Wenhua Xiang,Zhi‐Bin Luo,Hong Jiang,Xingzhang Song,Yao Zhang,Guirui Yu,Xinquan Zhao,Peng Gong,Tandong Yao,Jianghua Wu
出处
期刊:Global Change Biology [Wiley]
卷期号:19 (10): 2940-2955 被引量:743
标识
DOI:10.1111/gcb.12277
摘要

Abstract With a pace of about twice the observed rate of global warming, the temperature on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (Earth's ‘third pole’) has increased by 0.2 °C per decade over the past 50 years, which results in significant permafrost thawing and glacier retreat. Our review suggested that warming enhanced net primary production and soil respiration, decreased methane ( CH 4 ) emissions from wetlands and increased CH 4 consumption of meadows, but might increase CH 4 emissions from lakes. Warming‐induced permafrost thawing and glaciers melting would also result in substantial emission of old carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) and CH 4 . Nitrous oxide ( N 2 O ) emission was not stimulated by warming itself, but might be slightly enhanced by wetting. However, there are many uncertainties in such biogeochemical cycles under climate change. Human activities (e.g. grazing, land cover changes) further modified the biogeochemical cycles and amplified such uncertainties on the plateau. If the projected warming and wetting continues, the future biogeochemical cycles will be more complicated. So facing research in this field is an ongoing challenge of integrating field observations with process‐based ecosystem models to predict the impacts of future climate change and human activities at various temporal and spatial scales. To reduce the uncertainties and to improve the precision of the predictions of the impacts of climate change and human activities on biogeochemical cycles, efforts should focus on conducting more field observation studies, integrating data within improved models, and developing new knowledge about coupling among carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles as well as about the role of microbes in these cycles.
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