Fabrication of carboxymethyl starch/xanthan gum combinations Pickering emulsion for protection and sustained release of pterostilbene

Carboxymethyl starch (CMS)/xanthan gum (XG) combinations with different ratios (CMS/XG: 1/1, 3/1, 5/1, 7/1, 9/1, w/w) were used as Pickering emulsion delivery systems to encapsulate pterostilbene (PTS) to improve its stability. The results showed that the Pickering emulsion prepared using CMS/XG combinations could effectively encapsulate PTS. When the mass ratio of CMS to XG was 1:1, the encapsulation efficiency reached 91.20 %. The spherical particles in the PTS emulsion were dissociated and homogenous. The results of backscattered light experiments and storage stability studies showed that the PTS emulsion system prepared using CMS/XG was uniform and stable, with no obvious phase separation or emulsion droplet coalescence. With an increase in the mass ratio of XG, the water distribution in the emulsion became more evenly distributed, and the aggregation of droplets was reduced. The PTS emulsion prepared using CMS/XG improved the storage retention percentage of PTS. The cumulative release of PTS in the simulated gastric fluid was significantly lower than that in simulated intestinal fluid. The Pickering emulsion prepared using CMS/XG combinations can be used as a delivery system for functional foods and help to develop an efficient and reliable release system for hydrophobic bioactive substances.