The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare: a model of value assessment, human resource and health system factors

This study aims to systematically review the literature on Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption in healthcare, with the ultimate purpose of extracting and systematising concepts associated with the intertwined dimensions of technology adoption. We conducted a review of research works present in Scopus®. We applied a structured approach to conduct article identification and screening, review and conceptual extraction. We retrieved 260 research articles, covering a wide spectrum of medical and healthcare management research works published in more than 150 journals. Almost half of the works (43.6%) are associated with the Medicine domains, whereas additional fields include Computer Science (9.0%), Engineering (6.6%) and Social Sciences (5.7%). We selected 161 research works and built an integrative framework describing 3 areas of AI adoption factors, i.e. value assessment, human resource and organisation, and policy and health system factors. We described the areas by identifying nine sub-dimensions and associated topics. This paper advances the current understanding of factors associated with AI adoption, with a conceptual development effort based on an extensive population of research articles. This paper provides practitioners with a reference model useful to identify the aspects influencing the preparedness of healthcare organisations towards successful adoption of AI.