Detection of KPC and VIM Genes in Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Blood Culture in Southern Anhui, China

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens of lower respiratory tract infections. Carbapenems are considered the last line of defense for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria with multidrug resistance. In recent years, with the increase of bacteria producing carbapenemase, the resistance rate of carbapenems has increased gradually. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to detect the blaKPC and blaVIM genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from blood culture specimens. Methods: Within September 2020 to August 2022, 1033 bacterial strains were isolated from blood cultures in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China, including 141 strains of K. pneumoniae. All K. pneumoniae strains were processed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. Meanwhile, the isolates were phenotypically identified for carbapenemase production by the colloidal gold method. Finally, the confirmed carbapenem enzyme phenotype was further verified for the production of blaKPC and blaVIM by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Regarding the rate of isolated strains in blood culture, positivity was 11.16% (1033/9255), and the proportion of K. pneumoniae was 13.65% (141/1033). Overall, according to AST results, 7.80% (11/141) of the isolates demonstrated resistance to carbapenems, such as ertapenem, imipenem, and meropenem; nevertheless, they showed sensitivity to colistin and ceftazidime/avibactam. Colloidal gold phenotypically confirmed 81.82% (9/11) of the isolates as carbapenemase producers. Subsequently, nine isolates’ strains were verified to be positive for blaKPC and blaVIM by PCR; the proportions of the blaKPC and blaVIM genes were 88.89% (8/9) and 11.11% (1/9), respectively. Conclusions: The identification of carbapenemase phenotype and genotype is helpful for the accurate understanding of drug resistance and management of the disease.