Teams of robots in additive manufacturing: a review

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a key enabler and technological pillar of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) as it increases productivity and improves resource efficiency. However, current AM systems present some limitations in terms of fabrication time, versatility, and efficiency. The concept of teams of robots represents a novel approach for AM aiming to address these limitations. This review paper discusses the current state-of-the-art of the use of cooperative AM systems based on gantry systems, robotic arms, and mobile robots. The information flow, path planning and slicing strategies are discussed in detail, and several examples of the use of cooperative AM systems are provided. Finally, major research challenges and future perspectives are discussed.