Costoclavicular block as a diaphragm-sparing nerve block for shoulder surgery: a randomized controlled trial

For shoulder surgery, distal nerve block approaches have been explored to reduce hemidiaphragmatic paresis (HDP) more effectively than the interscalene block (ISB). However, these approaches still show a high incidence of HDP. Recently, the costoclavicular block (CCB) has emerged as a promising technique that could provide effective analgesia while reducing HDP. We hypothesized that CCB would decrease the incidence of HDP compared to ISB, while still providing effective pain relief after surgery.