纳滤
膜
化学工程
过滤(数学)
结垢
材料科学
石墨
超滤(肾)
渗透
膜污染
硝酸
氯化物
化学
无机化学
色谱法
有机化学
生物化学
统计
数学
工程类
作者
Zeya Li,Xiu‐Li Wang,Qinglei Zhang,Mingyu Zhai,Shuqin Yang,Xida Li,Sirui Yang,Xin Wu,Laizhou Song
摘要
Abstract The nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology has attracted considerable attention for the rejection removal of various salts. However, the practical application of this membrane separation process has been severely retarded due to the ineffective rejection of monovalent ions (such as nitrate and chloride), undesirable filtration flux, and insufficient disposal of the concentrated solution. In this work, three polyethersulfone‐type NF membranes were fabricated and their morphologies, functional groups, chemical components, wettabilities, chargeabilities, and rejection molecular weights were characterized. Among them, the membrane of NF_M3 bearing sulfonic acid group (SO 3 H) shows the desirable rejection efficiency of nitrate (90.32%), acceptable solution filtration flux (10.15 L m −2 h −1 at 0.6 MPa), and the decent pure water permeation flux (50.8 L m −2 h −1 at 0.6 MPa). The introduction of SO 3 H can significantly enhance the performances of NF_M3 membrane in hydrophilicity, chargeability, anti‐fouling, and the oxidation resistance. Promisingly, the concentrated nitrate was ingeniously recycled for the electrochemical intercalation of flake graphite to prepare expandable graphite, and the obtained expanded graphite has an acceptable expanded volume (243 mL g −1 via the microwave expansion process), thereby achieving the resource utilization of NF concentrated solution.
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