STuning Blood‐Material Interactions to Generate Versatile Hemostatic Powders And Gels

Abstract Polymer‐based hemostatic materials/devices have been increasingly exploited for versatile clinical scenarios, while there is an urgent need to reveal the rational design/facile approach for procoagulant surfaces through regulating blood–material interactions. In this work, degradable powders (PLPS) and thermoresponsive gels (F127‐PLPS) are readily developed as promising hemostatic materials for versatile clinical applications, through tuning blood–material interactions with optimized grafting of cationic polylysine: the former is facilely prepared by conjugating polylysine onto porous starch particle, while F127‐PLPS is prepared by the simple mixture of PLPS and commercial thermosensitive polymer. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that PLPS2 with the optimal‐/medium content of polylysine grafts achieve the superior hemostatic performance. The underlying procoagulant mechanism of PLPS2 surface is revealed as the selective fibrinogen adsorption among the competitive plasma‐protein‐adsorption process, which is the foundation of other blood–material interactions. Moreover, in vitro results confirm the achieved procoagulant surface of F127‐PLPS through optimal PLPS2 loading. Together with the tunable thermoresponsiveness, F127‐PLPS exhibits outstanding hemostatic utilization in both femoral‐artery‐injury and renal‐artery‐embolization models. The work thereby pioneers an appealing approach for generating versatile polymer‐based hemostatic materials/devices.