Effects and mechanisms of frehmaglutin D and rehmaionoside C improve LPS-induced acute kidney injury through the estrogen receptor-mediated TLR4 pathway in vivo and in vitro

Fre D and Reh C may improve S-AKI through the ER-TLR4-IL-1β pathway and may act on both ERα and ERβ receptors. Moreover, ERα and ERβ may interact directly or indirectly with TLR4, which was studied for the first time.