Short-Range Ordered Porous Carbon Derived from Confined-Region Activation Strategy Exhibits Excellent High-Loading Performance in Supercapacitors

超级电容器 重量分析 材料科学 多孔性 压实 化学工程 碳纤维 电化学 电容 复合材料 电极 化学 复合数 物理化学 工程类 有机化学
作者
Kai Zhao,Dong Sun,Yankun Sun,Zhuang Ma,Zechen Li,Fangzhi Zheng,Qi Zhang,Yang Yin,Changbo Lu,Xinlong Ma,Chunming Xu,Zhihua Xiao
出处
期刊:ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:12 (19): 7616-7628
标识
DOI:10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c01940
摘要

Constructing high-loading (>10 mg/cm2) carbon-based electrode materials is an effective way to simultaneously boost the gravimetric/volumetric energy density and power density of capacitors. However, porous carbon materials usually have high defect structures, low compaction density, and low graphitization degree, which severely hinder their electron/ion transport rates at high mass loading, thereby deteriorating the electrochemical performance. Thus, we first propose to construct short-range ordered porous carbon materials with high compaction density to enhance the detailed electrochemical performance without affecting the electron/ion transport rates. Herein, S, N codoped porous carbon (3SN-NAC-800) with a large specific surface area, high compaction density, and abundant short-range ordered structures was prepared by the confined-region activation method, in which needle coke was used as precursor, thiourea as the dopant, and KOH as the activator under 10 MPa pressure. The 3SN-NAC-800 electrode with 4 mg/cm2 exhibits high capacities of 267.2 and 229.7 F/g under 2 and 50 A/g, respectively, and 92.9% capacitance retention for 20,000 cycles. When the mass loading was increased to 8, 12, and 14 mg/cm2, it still exhibited high capacities of 260.4, 257.5, and 250.4 F/g at 2 A/g, respectively. Besides, the electrode with 12 mg/cm2 shows high gravimetric and areal capacitance values of 197.3 F/g and 2367.12 mF/cm2 at 40 A/g, respectively, as well as 90.98% capacity retention for 20,000 cycles, showing excellent rate capability and cycling stability. Furthermore, it exhibits a maximum energy density of 0.11 mWh/cm2 at 2.97 mW/cm2, and a maximum power density of 87.6 mW/cm2 at 0.044 mWh/cm2. This work demonstrates an efficient strategy to prepare short-range ordered porous carbon materials for high-mass-loading capacitors.
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