Influence of Na+, Ca2+ and R3+ (R = Y, Lu, Gd) co-doping on the spectroscopic properties of Pr3+:BaF2 single crystal

A series of high quality x %Pr 3+ :BaF 2 ( x = 0.6, 1, 2); (1%Pr 3+ , 2%Na + ):BaF 2 ; (1%Pr 3+ , y %Ca 2+ ):BaF 2 ( y = 3, 5) and (0.6%Pr 3+ , 10%R 3+ ):BaF 2 (R = Y, Lu, Gd) crystals were grown via a temperature gradient technique (TGT).