Extrusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing of Carbonaceous and Non‐Carbonaceous Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Abstract Recently, additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has become a more attractive fabrication technology in various fields, such as electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs). Therefore, 3D printing technologies allow the fabrication of the desired complex structure, which reduces the fabrication method time and cost for prototyping novel processes. The excellent electrochemical properties, structure stability, simplistic integration, flexibility, ion/charge transportation, high energy and power densities, surface kinetics, and high efficiency are essential features of novel EESDs like batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Herein, first, the extrusion‐based AM technology, such as direct ink writing (DIW) and fused deposition modeling (FDM), utilized to improve the following parameters through designated electrode patterns and device configuration compared to conventional electrode fabrication methods is discussed. After that, the main parameters of extrusion‐based 3D printing are listed based on the selection of host and active materials, solvent, binders/additive, ink formulation, electrode fabrication and post‐processing treatment, structural porosity, conductive materials with plasticizer, etc., and the recent advancement in sodium‐ and lithium‐based batteries, as well as SCs, is summarized. In the end, the challenges and research direction of extrusion‐based 3D‐printed EESDs in advanced fields that inspire future perspectives and development are discussed.