Adolescent F-53B exposure induces ovarian toxicity in rats: Autophagy-apoptosis interplay

As a substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonates, F-53B has permeated into the environment and can reach the human body through the food chain. Adolescent individuals are in a critical stage of development and may be more sensitive to the impacts of F-53B. In the present study, we modeled the exposure of adolescent female rats by allowing them free access to F-53B at concentrations of 0 mg/L, 0.125 mg/L, and 6.25 mg/L in drinking water, aiming to simulate the exposure in the adolescent population. Using the ovary as the focal point, we investigated the impact of developmental exposure to F-53B on female reproduction. The results indicated that F-53B induced reproductive toxicity in adolescent female rats, including ovarian lesions, follicular dysplasia and hormonal disorders. In-depth investigations revealed that F-53B induced ovarian oxidative stress, triggering autophagy within the ovaries, and the autophagy exhibited the interplay with apoptosis in turn, collectively leading to significant ovarian toxicity. Our findings provided deeper insights into the roles of the autophagy-apoptosis interplay in ovarian toxicity, and offered a new perspective on the developmental toxicity inflicted by adolescent F-53B exposure.