材料科学
气凝胶
保温
热导率
微波食品加热
热的
复合材料
吸收(声学)
微观结构
光电子学
计算机科学
电信
物理
图层(电子)
气象学
作者
Zeyu Wang,Zhaochen Li,Bo Li,Anfeng Shi,Long Zhang,YinBo Zhu,Fang Ye,Shu‐Hong Yu
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202412605
摘要
Abstract Electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution and thermal damage pose serious hazards to delicate instruments. Functional aerogels offer a promising solution by mitigating EM interference and isolating heat. However, most of these materials struggle to balance thermal protection with microwave absorption (MA) efficiency due to a previously unidentified conflict between the optimizing strategies of the two properties. Herein, this study reports a solution involving the design of a carbon‐based aerogel called functional carbon spring (FCS). Its unique long‐range lamellar multi‐arch microstructure enables tunable MA performance and excellent thermal insulation capability. Adjusting compression strain from 0% to 50%, the adjustable effective absorption bandwidth ( EAB ) spans up to 13.4 GHz, covering 84% of the measured frequency spectrum. Notably, at 75% strain, the EAB drops to 0 GHz, demonstrating a novel “on‐off” switchability for MA performance. Its ultralow vertical thermal conductivity (12.7 mW m −1 K −1 ) and unique anisotropic heat transfer mechanism endow FCS with superior thermal protection effectiveness. Numerical simulations demonstrate that FCS outperforms common honeycomb structures and isotropic porous aerogels in thermal management. Furthermore, an “electromagnetic‐thermal” dual‐protection material database is established, which intuitively demonstrates the superiority of the solution. This work contributes to the advancement of multifunctional MA materials with significant potential for practical applications.
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