Hypoxic glioma-derived exosomal miR-25-3p promotes macrophage M2 polarization by activating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway

Exosomes (EXO) play crucial roles in intercellular communication and glioma microenvironment modulation. Tumor-associated macrophages are more likely to become M2-like type macrophages in the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of hypoxic glioma-derived exosomes mediated M2-like macrophage polarization.