Universal All-In-One Lateral Flow Immunoassay with Triple Signal Amplification for Ultrasensitive and Simple Self-Testing of Treponema pallidum Antibodies

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is valued for its simplicity and rapidity for on-site screening, however, it experienced false negatives in real sample analysis due to low sensitivity. Although many signal amplification techniques can improve the sensitivity, they usually require additional complicated steps. To address these issues, taking