阿累尼乌斯方程
电子
化学
电子衍射
Crystal(编程语言)
结晶
玻尔兹曼常数
熵(时间箭头)
电子散射
热力学
衍射
凝聚态物理
物理
光学
量子力学
物理化学
活化能
计算机科学
程序设计语言
作者
D.R. Liu,Junli Fu,Oren Elishav,Masaya Sakakibara,Kaoru Yamanouchi,Barak Hirshberg,Takayuki Nakamuro,Eiichi Nakamura
出处
期刊:Science
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:2024-05-30
标识
DOI:10.1126/science.adk3620
摘要
Upon melting, the molecules in the crystal explore numerous configurations, reflecting an increase in disorder. The molar entropy of disorder can be defined by Boltzmann’s formula Δ S d = R ln( W d ) where W d is the increase in the number of microscopic states, so far inaccessible experimentally. We found that the Arrhenius frequency factor A of the electron diffraction signal decay provides W d through an experimental equation A = A INT W d where A INT is an inelastic scattering cross-section. The method connects Clausius and Boltzmann experimentally and supplements the Clausius approach, being applicable to a femtogram quantity of thermally unstable and biomolecular crystals. The data also showed that crystal disordering and crystallization of melt are reciprocal, both governed by the entropy change, but manifesting in opposite directions.
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