Sensitive subcellular scale and real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide by a W-doped Pt microelectrode

A W-doped Pt modified graphene oxide (Pt-W-GO) electrochemical microelectrode was developed to detect hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in real time at a subcellular scale. Interestingly, results showed that the concentration of H₂O₂ in the nucleus of HeLa cells was 2.68 times and 0.51 times that in the extracellular membrane and cytoplasm, respectively.