Reorganization of the morphology of hippocampal neurites and synapses after stress-induced damage correlates with behavioral improvement

海马结构 神经科学 皮质酮 萎缩 树突棘 海马体 心理学 神经突 莫里斯水上航行任务 枝晶(数学) 内科学 医学 化学 激素 生物化学 体外 数学 几何学
作者
Nuno Sousa,Nikolay Lukoyanov,M. Dulce Madeira,Osborne F. X. Almeida,M. M. Paula‐Barbosa
出处
期刊:Neuroscience [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:97 (2): 253-266 被引量:704
标识
DOI:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00050-6
摘要

We recently demonstrated that stress-induced cognitive deficits in rats do not correlate with hippocampal neuronal loss. Working on the premise that subtle structural changes may however be involved, we here evaluated the effects of chronic stress on hippocampal dendrite morphology, the volume of the mossy fiber system, and number and morphology of synapses between mossy fibers and CA3 dendritic excrescences. To better understand the mechanisms by which stress exerts its structural effects, we also studied these parameters in rats given exogenous corticosterone. Further, to search for signs of structural reorganization following the termination of the stress and corticosterone treatments, we analysed groups of rats returned to treatment-free conditions. All animals were assessed for spatial learning and memory performance in the Morris water maze. Consistent with previous findings, dendritic atrophy was observed in the CA3 hippocampal region of chronically stressed and corticosterone-treated rats; in addition, we observed atrophy in granule and CA1 pyramidal cells following these treatments. Additionally, profound changes in the morphology of the mossy fiber terminals and significant loss of synapses were detected in both conditions. These alterations were partially reversible following rehabilitation from stress or corticosterone treatments. The fine structural changes, which resulted from prolonged hypercortisolism, were accompanied by impairments in spatial learning and memory; the latter were undetectable following rehabilitation. We conclude that there is an intimate relationship between corticosteroid levels, hippocampal neuritic structure and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory.
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