可比性
开放的体验
不平等
社会流动性
社会经济地位
社会分层
教育不平等
学历
透视图(图形)
地位获得
社会不平等
社会学
社会阶层
人口经济学
实证经济学
经济
社会科学
经济增长
心理学
社会心理学
人口学
人口
组合数学
数学分析
计算机科学
人工智能
市场经济
数学
作者
Richard Breen,Jan Ö. Jönsson
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev.soc.31.041304.122232
摘要
Studies of how characteristics of the family of origin are associated with educational and labor market outcomes indicate the degree of openness of societies and have a long tradition in sociology. We review research published since 1990 into educational stratification and social (occupational or class) mobility, focusing on the importance of parental socioeconomic circumstances, and with particular emphasis on comparative studies. Large-scale data now available from many countries and several time points have led to more and better descriptions of inequality of opportunity across countries and over time. However, partly owing to problems of comparability of measurement, unambiguous conclusions about trends and ranking of countries have proven elusive. In addition, no strong evidence exists that explains intercountry differences. We conclude that the 1990s witnessed a resurgence of microlevel models, mostly of a rational choice type, that signals an increased interest in moving beyond description in stratification research.
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