材料科学
制作
钙钛矿(结构)
结晶
能量转换效率
退火(玻璃)
带隙
纳米晶
光伏系统
透射率
辐照
化学工程
光电子学
纳米技术
复合材料
工程类
病理
物理
生物
核物理学
医学
替代医学
生态学
作者
Qingshun Dong,Yantao Shi,Chunyang Zhang,Yukun Wu,Liduo Wang
出处
期刊:Nano Energy
[Elsevier]
日期:2017-08-31
卷期号:40: 336-344
被引量:167
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.08.041
摘要
In fabrication of SnO2 electron transfer layer (ETL) via traditional solution routes, the strong dependence of film crystallization on high temperature annealing or robust thermal treatment makes it challengeable to prepare crystallized SnO2 ETLs at low temperature (< 150 °C). Here, we put forward a sol-gel route by which the whole fabrication process of crystallized SnO2 ETL below 80 °C is realized for the first time. In the new route, participation of atmosphere O2 and H2O by refluxing is crucial as it can greatly promote Sn2+ oxidation and controlled hydrolysis in SnCl2·2H2O alcohol solution, in turn opening up an energetically favorable pathway for SnO2 crystallization at low temperature. Systematical investigations reveal that SnO2 ETLs have high conductivity and transmittance and appropriate energy band level, by which PSCs obtain superior photovoltaic performance, with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) and steady-state PCE of 19.20% and 18.48% achieved, respectively, much higher than that of the devices using high temperature annealed TiO2 ETLs (16.61% and 15.03%). The SnO2-ETL-based flexible PSCs also attain a high PCE up to 16.11% and among the highest records of flexible PSCs. Due to a larger band gap, SnO2-ETLs-based PSCs show superior UV resistance against high intensity UV light irradiation.
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