An electromagnetic fractal‐based model for the study of fading

Whenever a coherent electromagnetic field illuminates a natural surface, it is affected by fading, and this is related to the surface roughness. A model of the electromagnetic interaction with the rough surface allows the determination of some of its parameters; accordingly, the characteristics of the radar echo return are of great relevance. In this paper we consider a Kirchhoff‐fractal electromagnetic model which is applicable to the problems of remote sensing, and we systematically and parametrically analyze the first‐order fading characteristics.