Annular Pressure and Temperature Measurements Diagnose Cementing Operations

环空(植物学) 套管 石油工程 水泥 井筒 岩土工程 完井(油气井) 油井 地质学 机械 环境科学 材料科学 复合材料 物理
作者
C.E. Cooke,M.P. Kluck,Rubén César Vásquez Medrano
出处
期刊:Journal of Petroleum Technology [Society of Petroleum Engineers]
卷期号:36 (12): 2181-2186 被引量:14
标识
DOI:10.2118/11416-pa
摘要

Summary Pressure and temperature measurements were made in the Pressure and temperature measurements were made in the annulus of wells with sensors placed on the casings as they were run into the wells. The primary purpose of these measurements was to study the phenomenon of pressure reduction in the cement as it cures. This aspect of the measurements was reported in Ref. 1. Other phenomena were observed during these measurements, however, which are important to the cementing of a well and to casing design. This paper discusses three such phenomena: temperature in the annulus during cementing, loss of returns during cementing, and long-term pressure decline in a mud column above cement. The industry has made several studies over the years to improve the prediction of temperature of cement during pumping. The predictions of bottomhole circulating temperature (BHCT) from an extensive API study agree well with measured data in three of the five wells discussed in this paper. However, better predictions of cementing temperature in all five wells were obtained with a numerical method. The phenomenon of loss of returns during cementing can be very complex. Pressures in the cement during pumping may be greater than expected because the pumping may be greater than expected because the cement is rising more than anticipated (because of bypassing of mud) or for other reasons. The resistance of the wellbore to hydraulic fracturing and consequent loss of returns is difficult to predict accurately. The behavior in two wells is described. Casing design requires assumptions about the pressure behind the casing to calculate internal burst pressure. The data available from two wells indicate that hydrostatic pressure exerted by mud left in the annulus above cement pressure exerted by mud left in the annulus above cement decreases with time, and original mud weights should not be used as the backup pressure in casing burst design. Introduction Results of pressure and temperature measurements made in the annulus of wells during and after cementing operations were reported in Ref. 1. That paper focused on the importance of pressure decline in the cement column in the time interval after the cement is pumped and before the cement has cured. Observations regarding remedial cementing and acidizing treatments were reported also. The procedures and equipment used in those measurements were described and are not repeated in detail in this paper. This paper provides comparisons of measured and predicted BHCT's during cementing. The predicted predicted BHCT's during cementing. The predicted temperatures were developed from two sources: an API publication and a numerical calculation. An API task publication and a numerical calculation. An API task group provided very valuable data for predicting BHCT. The API correlation is now a part of Ref. 3. (The same data were provided in the preceding API document, RP 10B, which was superseded.) These data were collected from 78 wells in 10 states, at depths of 4,000 to 23,000 ft [1219 to 7010 m]. Numerical procedures for predicting downhole temperature during cementing also have predicting downhole temperature during cementing also have been developed over the years, the most recent being that by Wooley. This paper provides references to many earlier papers. Here, we compare measured temperatures to those predicted by the numerical method described by Sump and Williams. This numerical model was developed by fitting 28 unsteady-state circulating temperature measurements made in nine wells to derive heat transfer coefficients and effective formation thermal conductivities. The second topic concerns cementing of lost return zones (or lost circulation zones), a long-standing problem. Loss of returns often will occur during problem. Loss of returns often will occur during cementing even though the problem did not occur during drilling. Usual steps to solve the problem include the use of granular or fibrous materials in the cement or preflushes of material designed to form a precipitate and plug the channels or the fracture where returns are lost. The mechanism by which loss of returns occurs in some formations is not well understood, but in the examples in this paper the mechanism is believed to be hydraulic fracturing. A fracture is initiated when fluid pressures at the wellbore surface are greater than the tensile strength of the rock plus the compressive earth stress at the wellbore at some depth. The fluid pressure required to initiate a fracture is usually higher than the pressure required to open a preexisting natural or induced fracture or to propagate a fracture after it is formed. propagate a fracture after it is formed. The third topic discussed in this paper is the long-term decrease in hydrostatic pressure exerted by the mud column above the cement. JPT P. 2181
最长约 10秒,即可获得该文献文件

科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI
更新
PDF的下载单位、IP信息已删除 (2025-6-4)

科研通是完全免费的文献互助平台,具备全网最快的应助速度,最高的求助完成率。 对每一个文献求助,科研通都将尽心尽力,给求助人一个满意的交代。
实时播报
科研通AI2S应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
刚刚
Perry应助科研通管家采纳,获得60
刚刚
Akim应助科研通管家采纳,获得10
刚刚
鱼雷完成签到,获得积分10
1秒前
廿伊发布了新的文献求助10
3秒前
我是125完成签到,获得积分10
5秒前
依人如梦完成签到 ,获得积分10
6秒前
7秒前
PDIF-CN2完成签到,获得积分10
11秒前
雪雪完成签到 ,获得积分10
12秒前
13秒前
Willow完成签到,获得积分10
16秒前
研研研完成签到,获得积分10
17秒前
大橙子发布了新的文献求助10
19秒前
dejiangcj完成签到 ,获得积分10
20秒前
无味完成签到,获得积分10
21秒前
大气的尔蓝完成签到,获得积分10
22秒前
科研通AI5应助普鲁卡因采纳,获得10
23秒前
略略略完成签到 ,获得积分10
25秒前
zqlxueli完成签到 ,获得积分10
29秒前
无语的断缘完成签到,获得积分10
31秒前
hdx完成签到 ,获得积分10
32秒前
健壮的涑完成签到 ,获得积分10
33秒前
量子星尘发布了新的文献求助10
37秒前
普鲁卡因发布了新的文献求助10
37秒前
高大绝义完成签到,获得积分10
39秒前
41秒前
黄超超发布了新的文献求助10
42秒前
ZEcholy完成签到 ,获得积分20
42秒前
大橙子发布了新的文献求助10
43秒前
小幸运完成签到,获得积分10
45秒前
淡然一德完成签到,获得积分10
48秒前
咖啡豆完成签到 ,获得积分10
49秒前
50秒前
龙猫爱看书完成签到,获得积分10
50秒前
you完成签到,获得积分10
51秒前
黄超超完成签到,获得积分10
53秒前
玄音完成签到,获得积分10
54秒前
天将明完成签到 ,获得积分10
55秒前
咖啡豆发布了新的文献求助10
55秒前
高分求助中
【提示信息,请勿应助】关于scihub 10000
Les Mantodea de Guyane: Insecta, Polyneoptera [The Mantids of French Guiana] 3000
徐淮辽南地区新元古代叠层石及生物地层 3000
The Mother of All Tableaux: Order, Equivalence, and Geometry in the Large-scale Structure of Optimality Theory 3000
Handbook of Industrial Diamonds.Vol2 1100
Global Eyelash Assessment scale (GEA) 1000
Picture Books with Same-sex Parented Families: Unintentional Censorship 550
热门求助领域 (近24小时)
化学 材料科学 医学 生物 工程类 有机化学 生物化学 物理 内科学 纳米技术 计算机科学 化学工程 复合材料 遗传学 基因 物理化学 催化作用 冶金 细胞生物学 免疫学
热门帖子
关注 科研通微信公众号,转发送积分 4038128
求助须知:如何正确求助?哪些是违规求助? 3575831
关于积分的说明 11373827
捐赠科研通 3305610
什么是DOI,文献DOI怎么找? 1819255
邀请新用户注册赠送积分活动 892655
科研通“疑难数据库(出版商)”最低求助积分说明 815022