GLP1 receptor agonists: from antihyperglycaemic to cardiovascular drugs

Based on aggregate cardiovascular clinical outcomes trial results of medications for type 2 diabetes, two classes of medications have been preferentially endorsed in international endocrinology and cardiology society guidelines and consensus recommendations for patients with type 2 diabetes with or at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These drugs, GLP1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, reduce cardiovascular risk, independent of glucose control considerations. 1 Kristensen SL Rørth R Jhund PS et al. Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019; 7: 776-785 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (552) Google Scholar , 2 McGuire DK Zinman B Inzucchi SE et al. Effects of empagliflozin on first and recurrent clinical events in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a secondary analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020; 8: 949-959 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (18) Google Scholar , 3 Cosentino F Grant PJ Aboyans V et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020; 41: 255-323 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1575) Google Scholar , 4 Buse JB Wexler DJ Tsapas A et al. 2019 Update to: Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2020; 43: 487-493 Crossref PubMed Scopus (531) Google Scholar Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trialsGLP-1 receptor agonists, regardless of structural homology, reduced the risk of individual MACE components, all-cause mortality, hospital admission for heart failure, and worsening kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Full-Text PDF