A bridge over troubled waters: Anti-inflammatory therapy for patients with refractory obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome?

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) represents one of the most challenging disorders to treat, especially preventing obstetrical complications [1]. Not only does APS result in a panoply of adverse outcomes, including arterial and venous thromboembolism, recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL), stillbirth, preterm delivery, and pre-eclampsia, but therapeutic options have been limited, due to a paucity of clinical trials focused on the disease as well as challenges of studying women during pregnancy and the puerperium.