Functionalized gold nanomaterials as biomimetic nanozymes and biosensing actuators

The development of accurate analytical methods and highly controllable biomedical devices is inseparable from the continuous progress of nanotechnology. Great efforts have been made for the functional modification of nanomaterials, especially gold nanomaterials (Au NMs). Functionalized Au NMs usually exhibit good biocompatibility, benign biocatalytic and excellent biosensing properties, which renders them potent candidates for diverse biomedical applications. This article reviews the recent advances of functionalized Au NMs in the past decade according to the internal inherent properties and external stimuli response of Au NMs. The multiple applications of Au NMs-based biomimic catalysis and biosensing actuators are summarized and highlighted, which may further deepen the understanding of the mechanism of functionalized Au NMs. Last but not least, the limitations of the current Au NMs based detection strategies, and possible outlooks for the design and applications of functionalized Au NMs in the future are proposed.