帕金森病
医学
疾病
饮酒量
联想(心理学)
老年学
吸烟
内科学
心理学
酒
生物
生物化学
心理治疗师
作者
Kimberly C. Paul,Yu‐Hsuan Chuang,I‐Fan Shih,Adrienne M. Keener,Yvette Bordelon,Jeff M. Bronstein,Beate Ritz
摘要
Lifestyle factors may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease, but little is known about factors that influence progression. The objective of the current study was to examine whether caffeine or alcohol consumption, physical activity, or cigarette smoking is associated with progression and survival among PD patients.
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