Trends of chemometrics in bloodstain investigations

The potential to ascertain the origin and aging of bloodstains have various important applications in the forensic serological investigation. The individualization of bloodstain is necessary as both human and animals can be involved in the crimes. The foremost advantages of these types of investigation are: the expert significantly differentiates between human and animal blood which ultimately helps in the decipherment of criminal associated with the crimes; the aging of bloodstain assists in the determination of approximate time and date of incidence of crime. In recent time, significant advancement in analytical methods has been done to investigate the complex evidence collected from crime scene such as bloodstain. Along with modern analytical methods, the multivariate methods are also obtaining popularity in forensic science, especially in the bloodstain investigations. This review emphasizes the importance of analytical and chemometric models that have been utilized for the identification and aging of bloodstains. The reliability and sensitivity of these models are compared.