From embryogenesis to adulthood: Critical role for GATA factors in heart development and function

心脏发育 关贸总协定 生物 转录因子 心内膜 心力衰竭 心脏病 平衡 表型 血管生成 GATA转录因子 细胞生物学 生物信息学 胚胎干细胞 基因 内科学 遗传学 医学 基因表达 发起人
作者
Jamieson Whitcomb,Lara Gharibeh,Mona Nemer
出处
期刊:Iubmb Life [Wiley]
卷期号:72 (1): 53-67 被引量:46
标识
DOI:10.1002/iub.2163
摘要

Abstract Cardiac development is governed by a complex network of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate cell fates in a spatiotemporal manner. Among these, the GATA family of zinc finger TFs plays prominent roles in regulating the development of the myocardium, endocardium, and outflow tract. This family comprises six members three of which, GATA4, 5, and 6, are predominantly expressed in cardiac cells where they activate specific downstream gene targets via interactions with one another and with other TFs and signaling molecules. Their critical function in heart formation is evidenced by the phenotypes of animal models lacking these factors and by the broad spectrum of human congenital heart diseases associated with mutations in their genes. Similarly, in the postnatal heart, these proteins play significant and nonredundant roles in cardiac function, regulating adaptive stress responses including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and survival, as well as endothelial homeostasis and angiogenesis. As such, decreased expression of either GATA4, 5, or 6 results in impaired cardiovascular homeostasis and increased risk of premature and serious cardiovascular events such as hypertension, arrhythmia, aortopathy, and heart failure. Although a great deal of progress has been made in understanding GATA‐dependent regulatory processes in the heart, the molecular mechanisms underlying the specificity of GATA factors and their upstream regulation remain incompletely understood. The knowledge and tools developed since their discovery 25 years ago should accelerate progress toward further elucidation of their mechanisms of action in health and disease. This in turn will greatly improve diagnosis and care for the millions of individuals affected by congenital and acquired cardiac disease worldwide.
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