医学
易普利姆玛
背景(考古学)
无容量
自身免疫性肝炎
彭布罗利珠单抗
肝活检
原发性硬化性胆管炎
肝炎
黑色素瘤
原发性胆汁性肝硬化
活检
内科学
免疫疗法
癌症
疾病
癌症研究
古生物学
生物
作者
Cristel Ruini,Carolin Haas,Sebastian Mastnik,Maximilian M. L. Knott,Lars E. French,Max Schlaak,Carola Berking
出处
期刊:Journal of Immunotherapy
[Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer)]
日期:2020-12-14
卷期号:44 (2): 71-75
被引量:3
标识
DOI:10.1097/cji.0000000000000354
摘要
Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of immune checkpoint inhibitors can potentially affect every organ system, are sometimes challenging, and require a multidisciplinary approach. Most common irAEs are very well characterized, but some other such rare autoimmune liver diseases are probably underdiagnosed and less explored. We present here the case of a 69-year-old man with metastatic melanoma developing a severe primary biliary cirrhosis under pembrolizumab, and of a 52-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma with granulomatous hepatitis in the context of an immune-related multiorgan inflammatory reaction due to ipilimumab and nivolumab. Both cases were in part steroid refractory and required a complex diagnostic assessment and long-term therapeutic management. The liver biopsy was crucial for ensuring a correct diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of rare liver diseases in the context of increased liver enzymes under immune checkpoint inhibitors, especially if not responding to corticosteroids. The primary diagnostic workup should localize the liver damage (biliary or parenchymal) and distinguish irAEs from other pathologic conditions such as metastasis, second benign and malignant tumors, viral hepatitis, and cholelithiasis. If in doubt, a liver biopsy should be performed. Early diagnosis and accurate assessment of hepatic adverse events is necessary for prompt and effective treatment, with reduction of inappropriate discontinuation of immunotherapy, morbidity, and mortality.
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