纳米技术
荧光
水溶液中的金属离子
纳米材料
重金属
光致发光
聚合物
材料科学
环境化学
化学
金属
碳纤维
光电子学
复合数
物理
复合材料
冶金
量子力学
作者
Pingjing Li,Sam Fong Yau Li
出处
期刊:Nanophotonics
[De Gruyter]
日期:2020-11-05
卷期号:10 (2): 877-908
被引量:72
标识
DOI:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0507
摘要
Abstract Heavy metal (HM) pollution is a major global concern. Carbon dots (CDs) have demonstrated unique properties as sensing platforms for HMs detection. This review summarizes the progress made in recent years in fluorescence methods to determine HMs and their species using CDs. First, the strategies to synthesize and purify CDs are reviewed. The photoluminescence principles of CDs and their sensing mechanisms as HMs sensors are then summarized. The binding strategies between CDs and HMs are proposed to provide salient principles to design desirable CD-based HMs sensors. The preparation and merits of “turn-on” and ratiometric CDs for HMs detection with higher accuracy are discussed compared with commonly used “turn-off” sensors. Subsequently, the progress on detecting single HM ions, multi-HMs, and different metal species in solution, and the development of gel/solid-state sensor platforms such as paper-based devices, sensor arrays, hydrogels, polymer films, and ion-imprinted polymers are critically accessed. Furthermore, the advances in the cell, bacterial, plant, and animal bioimaging of HMs with CDs as promising bioimaging reagents are presented. Finally, the challenges and prospects of CDs as HMs sensors in future investigations are discussed.
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