Photon flux dependence on solute environment in water ices

焊剂(冶金) 背景(考古学) 化学 海冰生长过程 辐照度 大气科学 环境科学 环境化学 海冰厚度 海冰 冰层 光学 气象学 物理 地质学 古生物学 有机化学
作者
Alexander S. McFall,Cort Anastasio
出处
期刊:Environmental Chemistry [CSIRO Publishing]
卷期号:13 (4): 682-682 被引量:15
标识
DOI:10.1071/en15199
摘要

Environmental context Anthropogenic pollutants deposited in and on snowpacks can undergo many sunlight-driven reactions. These processes have been studied, but typically without measuring the photon flux, the amount of light seen by the reactants, which is needed for comparing results across studies. This work investigates the effects of container albedo, solute location and mechanical ice crushing on the photon flux in laboratory ice samples to understand how these factors might affect photochemical rates. Abstract The photon flux directly affects the rates of both direct and indirect photodegradation reactions in water and ice. This flux might vary in the different solute reservoirs of water ice (e.g. between the bulk ice and air–ice interface), which might help explain reported differences in measured reaction rates. To address this possibility, here we use 2-nitrobenzaldehyde chemical actinometry to measure photon fluxes in ice samples prepared using different freezing techniques in order to put 2-nitrobenzaldehyde into different regions in the ice samples. Overall, the solute location has little effect on photon flux in water ice (purified frozen water) samples, with a maximum observed enhancement of 42±9% relative to aqueous values. However, the albedo (reflectivity) of the sample container strongly influences the photon flux in water and ice samples: for the same incident irradiance, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde loss is four times higher in a white beaker compared with in a dark-brown beaker. In addition, crushing an ice sample to a 2-mm grain size increases the photon flux in the resulting ice granules by 50% compared with in an intact ice disc (and by 80% compared with the corresponding solution). Although photon fluxes are similar in different solute reservoirs in and on ice, our results show that photon fluxes within a frozen (or aqueous) sample cannot be simply determined from incident fluxes, but instead need to be measured using the same sample geometry and container type.
最长约 10秒,即可获得该文献文件

科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI
科研通是完全免费的文献互助平台,具备全网最快的应助速度,最高的求助完成率。 对每一个文献求助,科研通都将尽心尽力,给求助人一个满意的交代。
实时播报
江停完成签到,获得积分10
1秒前
1秒前
丘比特应助hwb采纳,获得10
1秒前
1秒前
1秒前
十三完成签到,获得积分10
2秒前
2秒前
犬狗狗发布了新的文献求助10
2秒前
Lucas应助清爽雪枫采纳,获得10
2秒前
轩辕剑身发布了新的文献求助10
3秒前
3秒前
quan发布了新的文献求助20
4秒前
4秒前
5秒前
zoey完成签到,获得积分10
5秒前
哒布6发布了新的文献求助10
5秒前
伍六七发布了新的文献求助10
5秒前
7秒前
邪恶青年完成签到,获得积分10
7秒前
7秒前
8秒前
猫咪老师应助hangboy采纳,获得50
8秒前
8秒前
隐形曼青应助威武绿真采纳,获得10
8秒前
9秒前
hexingyue完成签到,获得积分20
9秒前
玟翾发布了新的文献求助10
9秒前
六月由歌发布了新的文献求助10
10秒前
受伤觅波关注了科研通微信公众号
10秒前
小蘑菇应助攻心采纳,获得10
10秒前
赘婿应助qhy采纳,获得10
10秒前
张宝完成签到,获得积分10
10秒前
顾矜应助scq采纳,获得10
10秒前
醉熏的寄云完成签到,获得积分10
11秒前
11秒前
11秒前
顾矜应助今夜属于雪花月采纳,获得10
12秒前
古德day发布了新的文献求助10
12秒前
Jen完成签到 ,获得积分10
12秒前
12秒前
高分求助中
【此为提示信息,请勿应助】请按要求发布求助,避免被关 20000
Continuum Thermodynamics and Material Modelling 2000
105th Edition CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 1600
ISCN 2024 – An International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (2024) 1000
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 104th edition 1000
Izeltabart tapatansine - AdisInsight 600
An International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (2024) 500
热门求助领域 (近24小时)
化学 材料科学 医学 生物 工程类 有机化学 物理 生物化学 纳米技术 计算机科学 化学工程 内科学 复合材料 物理化学 电极 遗传学 量子力学 基因 冶金 催化作用
热门帖子
关注 科研通微信公众号,转发送积分 3768952
求助须知:如何正确求助?哪些是违规求助? 3313916
关于积分的说明 10169670
捐赠科研通 3028819
什么是DOI,文献DOI怎么找? 1662170
邀请新用户注册赠送积分活动 794670
科研通“疑难数据库(出版商)”最低求助积分说明 756358