Effectiveness of training actions aimed at improving critical thinking in the face of disinformation: A systematic review protocol

Critical thinking is currently considered an essential competence for tackling problems inherent to our society, such as disinformation. The issue of how to promote critical thinking skills and dispositions has been studied for years, especially in education. In the specialised scientific literature, we find many reviews and meta-analyses on pedagogical strategies and instructional interventions for critical thinking. However, to our knowledge, no critical thinking interventions concerning disinformation have yet been analysed. Faced with this research gap and the need to address this issue in depth, we present a systematic review protocol of training actions to improve critical thinking in the face of disinformation aimed at adults (of legal age), regardless of gender, origin or professional profile. The main objective is to determine the effectiveness of these actions through a process that involves compiling the existing and available evidence, systematising the key elements of instructional interventions, and evaluating their results. To achieve this objective under a solid methodological framework, we have followed the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 Statement (Preferred Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) and its extension PRISMA-P 2015 Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols) for protocols.