A Distributed Internet of Vehicles Data Privacy Protection Method Based on Zero-knowledge Proof and Blockchain

Aiming at the existing problems of insufficient security and poor scalability of existing blockchain data management solutions for the Internet of Vehicles, we use IPFS distributed technology to design a data privacy protection method for the Internet of Vehicles based on zero-knowledge proof. First, we use the Schnorr identity authentication protocol, a classic non-interactive zero-knowledge proof scheme, to complete the authentication and authorization of vehicles by RSU under the premise of protecting vehicle privacy. Secondly, we store encrypted data on IPFS-based edge distributed servers, and use Hyperledger Fabric to store authentication records and data indexes, which solves the problem of insufficient blockchain scalability. Finally, in order to improve the controllability and security of the data, we use the proxy re-encryption mechanism to manage the Symmetric-key of the data, and let RSU act as a proxy to perform re-encryption. Compared with the existing schemes, the proposed scheme reduces the communication overhead of the vehicle identity authentication phase, which is only 1728 bits. And while improving the scalability of the blockchain, it also enhances the privacy protection of the data of the Internet of Vehicles.