Geochemical evolution and the processes controlling groundwater chemistry using ionic ratios, geochemical modelling and chemometric analysis in uMhlathuze catchment, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

风化作用 地下水 碳酸盐 含水层 硅酸盐 硅酸盐矿物 地质学 碳酸盐矿物 环境化学 矿物学 化学 水文学(农业) 地球化学 白云石 有机化学 岩土工程
作者
Vetrimurugan Elumalai,Natarajan Rajmohan,Bongani Sithole,Peiyue Li,Sivakumar Uthandi,Johan van Tol
出处
期刊:Chemosphere [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:312: 137179-137179 被引量:23
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137179
摘要

The sources of chemical constituents of groundwater and its associated hydrogeochemical processes in the part of Mhlathuze catchment was identified. Groundwater of the area is classified into soft to very hard and the nature is identified as acidic to alkaline. The overall electrical conductivity is < 3000 μS/cm except in three wells. The predominant water type is NaCl (69% of samples) and CaMgCl facies. Gibbs plots, mCa/Mg ratio, mNa/Cl ratio, Ca + Mg vs HCO3+SO4 plot, Na + K vs HCO3 plot, Ca/Na vs HCO3/Na, Chloroalkaline indices (CAI 1, CAI 2) and Ca + Mg-HCO3-SO4 vs Na + K-Cl plots confirm the impact of silicate, carbonate mineral weathering and ion exchange reaction in this aquifer. However, few wells are influenced by the evaporation process. Groundwater is highly undersaturated with sulphate, chloride minerals and saturated with carbonate minerals. CA revealed that Cl and SO4 are derived from anthropogenic sources and a significant positive correlation between HCO3 and Cl reveals that wastewater recharge has most likely simulated the mineral weathering in the vadose zone, which could have further enhanced HCO3 and Cl in the aquifer. PCA resulted in three factors. Factor 1 defines the influence of geogenic and anthropogenic processes while Factors 2 and 3 imply the mineral weathering and nitrification processes. Hierarchical cluster analysis defines that evaporation, anthropogenic input, silicate and carbonate weathering and nitrification process are the sources of chemical constituents of groundwater in this aquifer.
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