环氧化物
催化作用
路易斯酸
阳离子聚合
共聚物
选择性
共价键
亲核细胞
高分子化学
路易斯酸催化
聚碳酸酯
化学
组合化学
有机化学
聚合物
作者
Claire A. L. Lidston,Sarah M. Severson,Brooks A. Abel,Geoffrey W. Coates
出处
期刊:ACS Catalysis
日期:2022-08-26
卷期号:12 (18): 11037-11070
被引量:79
标识
DOI:10.1021/acscatal.2c02524
摘要
The ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides with CO2 or cyclic anhydrides is a versatile route toward synthesizing a wide range of polycarbonate and polyester copolymers. ROCOP most commonly uses binary catalyst systems comprising separate Lewis acid and nucleophilic cocatalyst components. However, the dependence on two discrete catalyst components leads to low activities at low loadings, and binary catalyst systems are prone to numerous side reactions. It was therefore proposed that covalently tethering the Lewis acid catalyst and cocatalyst together would increase both catalyst activity and selectivity in epoxide ROCOP. Since these initial efforts, many multifunctional catalysts featuring covalently tethered cationic or Lewis base cocatalyst(s) have been developed for epoxide ROCOP. This review examines multifunctional catalysts that have been developed for copolymerization of epoxides with CO2, cyclic anhydrides, carbonyl sulfide (COS), and cyclic thioanhydrides. In particular, we will assess how multifunctional catalysts' mechanisms of operations lead to improved activity and selectivity in ROCOP.
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