水下
水声通信
物理
光无线
湍流
光学
误码率
光通信
光传递函数
发射机
频道(广播)
无线
电子工程
电信
计算机科学
地质学
工程类
气象学
海洋学
作者
Yahya Baykal,Yalçın Ata,Muhsın Caner Gökçe
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108624
摘要
Theory of optical turbulence in underwater medium and the effects of underwater turbulence on various applications done in underwater or under ocean are reviewed. A detailed survey of underwater turbulence studies in literature is reported. Underwater physics covering salinity, temperature and dissipation rates, various power spectra such as Hill, Nikishov and Nikishov, Li, new form and the oceanic turbulence optical power spectrum (OTOPS) spectra are explained. Wave and phase structure functions, related coherence length, anisotropy, intensity, field correlations in underwater turbulence are elaborated. Scintillation indices of spherical, plane, Gaussian, and other types of optical beams are mentioned. Bit-error-rate (BER), signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) performances of optical wireless communication systems operating in underwater, and the effects of modulation types of these systems on the performances are reported. Channel capacity of underwater optical wireless communication systems when the channel experiences log-normal, gamma-gamma, Weibull, and negative exponential statistics are reflected. Underwater imaging and the related modulation transfer function, underwater turbulence mitigation techniques in the form of aperture averaging, adaptive optics, receiver, transmitter and multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) spatial diversity techniques are revised.
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