Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays in complex networks using the Elite marine predators algorithm

The integration of renewable energy sources in the distribution network (DN) has had a significant influence by reducing power loss and enhancing network dependability. Aside from that, the protection system has met coordination issues as a result of bidirectional power flow and variations in fault levels. Therefore, an optimal coordination strategy is required to deal with relays coordination problem. The coordination problem of the directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is a restricted optimization issue that involves determining appropriate time dial settings (TDS) and plug setting (PS) to reduce relays operating time. Currently, a various nontraditional optimization strategies have been presented to overcome this challenge. In this paper, a modified version of the marine predators algorithm (MPA) referred to as Elite marine predator (EMPA) is developed for the optimal coordination of DOCRs. Therefore, the EMPA method is used to find out the optimal settings for the DOCRs problem. The suggested algorithm's performance is evaluated using standard test systems, including 3-bus, 8-bus, 9-bus, and 15-bus. The findings are compared with the traditional MPA and with other recent optimization methods presented in the literature to prove the efficiency and superiority of the proposed EMPA in reducing relay operation time for optimal DOCRs coordination.