Electrochemistry combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for studying catalytic and energy storage processes

This review describes recent reports on using electrochemistry combined with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine oxidative water purification reactions, particularly ones involving persulphates, metal-based co-catalysts and biochar systems, as well as electrocatalytic reactions for the oxygen reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction, nitrate conversion and CO2 reduction. Recent advances in using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to probe energy storage processes occurring in redox flow batteries, organic radical batteries, lithium-based batteries, sodium-sulphur batteries and supercapacitors are also described.