Gravitational lensing for power-Maxwell charged quintessence black hole in Rastall gravity

In this paper, we investigate the gravitational lensing for power-Maxwell charged quintessence black hole (BH) without cosmological constant in Rastall’s theory of gravity in both the strong-field limit and weak-field limit. Furthermore, we discuss the gravitational lensing by the linear electrodynamic (LE) and nonlinear electrodynamic (NLE) Maxwell field with the equation of state (EoS) parameter of the quintessence ([Formula: see text]) and compared to the case with Einstein’s gravity. We discuss the behaviors of the photon sphere radius [Formula: see text], impact parameter [Formula: see text], strong lensing coefficients [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and the deflection angle [Formula: see text] on the equatorial plane [Formula: see text] with the different values of Rastall parameter [Formula: see text] for the case of LE and NLE Maxwell field in the strong field limit. We also investigate the angular separation [Formula: see text], angular position [Formula: see text] and the magnification of the relativistic images. Further, we also study about the weak lensing BHs in Rastall gravity. We investigate the behaviors of weak deflection angle with the different values of Rastall parameter [Formula: see text] for the case of LE and NLE Maxwell field in the weak-field limit.