Exploring the health benefits of Ganoderma : bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action; immunomodulatory, and anti-tumour activities

Ganoderma, a genus of mushrooms known for its long history of medicinal use, has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its potential health benefits. This review delves into the bioactive compounds found in Ganoderma and elucidates the intricate mechanisms underlying its immunomodulatory and anti-tumour activities. The diverse health-promoting effects of Ganoderma can be attributed to its decadent array of bioactive compounds, notably polysaccharides, and triterpenoids, which play a pivotal role. The ability of the mushroom to modulate the immune system, enhancing the activity of immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages, is a central focus. Furthermore, we explore how Ganoderma exerts anti-tumour effects through the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, and interference with various signalling pathways critical for cancer cell growth and metastasis. As research in this area continues to evolve, a comprehensive understanding of the potential of Ganoderma as a natural health supplement and its role in promoting well-being is emerging, offering promising avenues for further investigation and application in healthcare.