Freeze‐Dried Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Bench to Bedside. Review

Abstract This review describes the freeze‐dried mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their ability to restore damaged tissues and organs. An analysis of the literature shows that after the lyophilization MSCs retain >80% of paracrine factors and that the mechanism of their action on the restoration of damaged tissues and organs is similar to the mechanism of action of paracrine factors in fresh and cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells. Based on the own materials, the use of paracrine factors of freeze‐dried MSCs in vivo and in vitro for the treatment of various diseases of organs and tissues has shown to be effective. The study also discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of freeze‐dried MSCs versus cryopreserved MSCs. However, for the effective use of freeze‐dried MSCs in clinical practice, a more detailed study of the mechanism of interaction of paracrine factors of freeze‐dried MSCs with target cells and tissues is required. It is also necessary to identify possible other specific paracrine factors of freeze‐dried MSCs. In addition, develop new therapeutic strategies for the use of freeze‐dried MSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue bioengineering.