A review of 1D carbon-based materials assembly design for lightweight microwave absorption

The urgent needs of information security and the target stealth has led to an increasing demand for lightweight, high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. Recently, one-dimensional (1D) carbon-based materials based on their specific electrical conductivity and aspect ratios exhibits distinctive microstructural orientation, structural design, impedance matching, component modulation and surface modification. First, the high aspect ratio of the 1D dimensional material is much easier to construct effective conductive absorption networks. Second, the distinct voids in the networks built from 1D materials is facilitate to optimize the degree of impedance matching. In this paper, we review the recent research progress of 1D carbon-based microwave absorbing materials, including the types of 1D carbon-based composites, design strategies, synthesis methods, and the structure-function relationship of microwave absorbing materials. Finally, the challenges and prospects of 1D carbon-based materials for future applications are discussed. This critical review is timely and aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the state-of-the-art in the design of 1D carbon-based material assemblies for lightweight microwave absorption, and to stimulate further innovation for ultralight carbon-based electromagnetic absorption material.